For example, potential citizens were supposed to speak French fluently, to have served the French meritoriously, to have won an award, and so on. Although several factors led to the colonization and partitioning of Africa, two main factors that stood out, economic interests and political and power issues (Iweriebor 2013).Don't use plagiarized sources. Carthage, which means New City, has a traditional foundation date of 814 BC. The colonies were also subdivided into smaller administrative units as follows: cercles under commandant du Cercles, subdivisions under chef de subdivisions, and at the next level, cantons were administered by African chiefs who were in effect like the British warrant chiefs.While France tried to maintain this highly centralized system, in some parts of its colonies where it encountered strongly established centralized state systems, the French were compelled to adopt the policy of association, a system of rule operating in alliance with preexisting African ruling institutions and leaders.

Much of its manufactured products were not going beyond the retail shelves, which forced the Europeans to seek means of expanding the markets for their goods. Want to add some juice to your work? This made it favorable for the Europeans since they knew Africa would provide a good source of raw materials (Makong’o et al 5). In nearly all African countries today, the language used in government and media is a relic inherited from one of these waves of colonisation. - Chris Stochs, student @ UC Berkeley The three main factors that lead to Europeans imperializing Africa in the 19th century were economic, military/ technology, and politics. Don't Miss a Chance to Connect With Experts. One way to demonstrate national preeminence was through the acquisition of territories around the world, including Africa. The existence of a vast African diaspora is largely the legacy of the practice of transporting millions of African slaves out of the continent by these external colonisers. The cause of the colonization was not understood by the natives.

Even though the British imperialists swept through Igboland in three years, between 1900 and 1902, and despite the small scale of the societies, the Igbo put up protracted resistance. For Europeans, these treaties meant that Africans had signed away their sovereignties to European powers; but for Africans, the treaties were merely diplomatic and commercial friendship treaties. In practice, the French system combined elements of direct administration and indirect rule.In general, the French administrative system was more centralized, bureaucratic, and interventionist than the British system of colonial rule. Main Factors Leading to European Colonization of Africa. During the early phase of the rise of primary commodity commerce (erroneously referred to in the literature as “Legitimate Trade or Commerce”), Europeans got their supplies of trade goods like palm oil, cotton, palm kernel, rubber, and groundnut from African intermediaries, but as the scramble intensified, they wanted to bypass the African intermediaries and trade directly with sources of the trade goods. East Africa: East African Publishers, n.d. Print.Nketiah Eric Sakyi. Greeks also colonised Cyrenaica around the same time. A surviving account of such is that of Hanno, which Harden who quotes it places at c. 425 BC.Carthage encountered and struggled with the Romans. However, since France would not provide the educational system to train all its colonized subjects to speak French and would not establish administrative and social systems to employ all its subjects, assimilation was more an imperialist political and ideological posture than a serious political objective.In terms of the actual administrative system in its various African colonies—Algeria, Tunisia, and Morocco in North Africa, and Senegal, French Guinea, French Sudan, Upper Volta, Dahomey, and others in West Africa, and Gabon, Congo-Brazzaville, Ubangi-Shari in Central Africa—the French used a system of direct rule. Web. The British colonizers, unfamiliar with these novel and unique political systems and insisting that African “natives” must have chiefs, often appointed licensed leaders called warrant chiefs, as in Igboland, for exampleThe French, for their part, established a highly centralized administrative system that was influenced by their ideology of colonialism and their national tradition of extreme administrative centralism. There are moles in the holes of Africa when it comes to the economy. Thus, if other countries dominated foreign markets it would mean an economic decline of Britain. Colonial policies and directives were implemented through a central administrative organization or a colonial secretariat, with officers responsible for different departments such as Revenue, The British colonies were often subdivided into provinces headed by provincial commissioners or residents, and then into districts headed by district officers or district commissioners. Thus it was somewhat like British indirect rule, although the French still remained committed to the doctrine of assimilation. The conference produced a treaty known as the Berlin Act, with provisions to guide the conduct of the European inter-imperialist competition in Africa. This was partly for political and technological reasons. In the case of Ethiopia, the imperialist intruder was Italy. Some astute African leaders maneuvered and ruled as best they could, while others used the new colonial setting to become tyrants and oppressors, as they were responsible to British officials ultimately.In the decentralized societies, the system of indirect rule worked less well, as they did not have single rulers.


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