A hierarchy of just ten thousand Norman knights went on to replace the aristocracy of England – with “William the Conqueror” at their head.Five generations later, the descendants and vassals of this aristocracy formed the main part of the invasion of Ireland from Wales in 1170 AD. It covered what are now the counties of Wexford, Carlow, Kildare, Kilkenny, Wicklow and parts of Laois. And so, another 3,000 of the refugees made their way to a number of Irish estates across Counties Carlow, Tipperary, Wexford, Kerry and Limerick in the early 1700s.The most successful colony was that in County Limerick. However, Diarmait was deposed as King and this act played a pivotal part in triggering the invasion of the Anglo-Normans in 1169AD when he invited the Cambro-Norman knights of South Wales to assist him in regaining his throne in exchange for land in his Kingdom.His family, the McMurrough/Kinsellas were the ruling family of Laighin in the 1100s. The genealogies given for the Fernmag claim they descend from Fergusa, the son of Nadsluaig, who was one of the sons of Cairpre Dam Argait. Just like other countries of the world, Scottish last names do have their own distinctive meanings. However, the majority of planters came from the Scottish lowlands, the Scottish/English borders area as well as the rest of England - where the surnames had a different structure to Irish Gaelic surnames.

This, combined with a series of bad harvests, led a group of about 13,000 “Palatines” to head up the River Rhine to Amsterdam, and seek refuge in countries where they could freely practice their Protestant faith and simple way of life.About 3,000 of these refugees further travelled to the colonies of New York and the Carolinas – but the group also caught the attention of a number of landlords in Ireland who were looking to increase the population of Protestant settlers on their land. The Uí Méith Mara, meaning "Omeath by the sea", was seated in Cualigne in northern County Louth. The following terms are noted in the Annals to describe or group the clans and septs that would descend from Rochad: However, when that Edict was suspended the main body of Huguenots left France for the last time, heading to countries with a Protestant tradition. There is an “Owen McFaddin” listed in Killoughcarron in the 1825 Tithe Applotment Books and I think it is safe to assume he is my fourth-great-grandfather. Turlough and his kin had taken on the surname O’Connor from this Gr, Gr, Gr Grandfather – “Conchobar mac Taidg Mór” (Conor son of Tadhg senior)  who had died in 882.Beside the O’Connors - the other leading families of Connaught at this time held the Irish surnames:These were the main surnames of the area - other Gaelic surnames are in the area but not included above.Tuadh Mumhan (nowadays known as Thomond and covering the north Munster counties of Clare, Limerick, North Tipperary and North Kerry) became a separate Kingdom within the province of Mumhan (Munster) as the powerful tribe of the Dál gCais rose to power. So, the spelling of your Irish surname after immigration can give clues as to a more exact location in Ireland.Bearing these three ideas in mind, the following is an outline of the main periods and “waves” of settlers that arrived on the shores of Ireland in more modern times. Copyright 2020 by A Letter from Ireland. These include:Other Irish surnames that have similar roots in a given Norse name include:Then, we have the general descriptive name for a person of Danish origin: “Dubhghaill” – meaning “dark foreigner” and which was anglicised as “Doyle” and sometimes “McDowell”.In October, 1066 AD – the forces of William, Duke of Normandy, were ready to invade England and take what he considered to be his rightful place on the throne of England.
The favourite weapon of these warriors was a six foot long, razor-sharp, double-sided battle- axe, called the ‘Sparth’, which was a development of the Viking axes … For more on Huguenot surnames see: Other leading families that came out of this area (many of them migrated to other parts of the country in future centuries) include:These were the main surnames of the area - other Gaelic surnames are in the area but not included above.The Kingdom of Deise Mumhan (Desmond/South Munster) covered the modern counties of Cork, South Kerry, Waterford, South Tipperary and parts of Limerick.It was ruled by the McCarthys. The newly ascendant Protestant landlords of Ireland saw the weaving skills of the Huguenots and the farming skill of the Palatines (as well as the work ethic of both groups) as a desirable addition to their newly establishing towns and estates.Over the course of the 17th century, a population of German Protestant farmers and winegrowers established themselves in the Rhineland Palatine to the southwest of Germany.

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All common Anglicised forms provided relate to usage in the province in Ulster and thus do not contain other Anglicised forms that relate to mirror Gaelic names from outside of Ulster. surnames have all been anglicized from the same Irish surname - “Mac Aodha” (son of Aodh) or “O hAodha” (descendent of Aodh). The plantations occured in:Ireland took in between 150,000 and 250,000 English and Scottish immigrants during these plantation periods (the population of Ireland in 1700 was about 1 million). The kingship rotated among the various tribes and in the 1100s was held by Donnchadh Ua Cearbaill (O’Carroll).

The Fernmag, or Fer Fernmaighe, is an area around Lough Ooney, aka Lock Uaithne near Smithborough in the barony of Dartry, Co. Monaghan. The Uí Meic Uais descend from Ercc, a son of Colla Uais. Its territory is thought to have been near Clogher, Co. Tyrone. For a time the Cenél Eóghain and Cenél Conaill alternated as kings of the Northern Uí Néill until the 8th century.


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