(2015 May 7, Updated). Available online at http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/783656-overview.
Free PMC article MayoClinic.com [On-line information]. Accessed April 2012.Fisher, M. and Hillyard, D. (Updated 2011 November). Accessed April 2012.Pagana, K. D. & Pagana, T. J. CDC ELITE certified and fully accredited to offer Legionella testing across the U.S. Legionnaires Disease in Emergency Medicine. Unable to load your delegates due to an error US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Legionella (Legionnaires' Disease and Pontiac Fever): Diagnostic Testing. Available online at http://wwwnc.cdc.gov/travel/yellowbook/2012/chapter-3-infectious-diseases-related-to-travel/legionellosis-legionnaires-disease-and-pontiac-fever.htm. Testing for healthcare-associated Legionnaires’ disease is especially important if any of the following are identified in a health care facility:Timely reporting of healthcare-associated cases ensures that steps can be taken to protect these highly susceptible populations.The majority of recognized Legionnaires’ disease outbreaks are associated with travel (hotels, resorts, cruise ships) or healthcare settings (hospitals, long-term care facilities).Therefore, collecting and reporting information about overnight travel is important. People with chronic underlying diseases such as diabetes, kidney disease, or liver disease are also more vulnerable, and men are affected more often than women. Legionella and Legionnaires' Disease: 25 Years of Investigation. 2019 Dec 17;10:2890. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.02890. Culture-based testing for Legionella is generally recognized as the “gold standard” for Legionella detection and enumeration.20,21 Cultures can identify all known Legionella species and subspecies. Available online at http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/965492-overview.
When high levels of Legionella are detectable in hot water systems, disinfection of water with oxidising biocides (e.g. Available online at http://www.cdc.gov/legionella/patient_facts.htm. Outbreak of Legionnaires' Disease Traced to Hospital Fountain.
Atypical pneumonia. A positive culture may be determined in about 48 to 72 hours. Our laboratory analysis solutions have been developed to support those with responsibility for the … Pontiac fever is frequently linked with outbreaks.The sample collected depends on the test to be performed.Typically, one or more of the following tests may be ordered. (2015 August 21, Updated). 2017 Apr;66(4):485-489. doi: 10.1099/jmm.0.000454.Int J Mol Sci. (© 2011). Refer to your Use Culture and Urinary Antigen Tests in CombinationCenters for Disease Control and Prevention. Culturing of patient specimens remains the gold standard for diagnosis of Legionnaires' disease. The actual number of people affected by legionellosis is likely much higher as most cases of Pontiac fever and many cases of Legionnaires disease are thought to go undiagnosed.Although anyone may be affected, adults over 50 are at the highest risk for Legionnaires disease, as are those who smoke, have lung diseases, or have compromised immune systems (such as those with HIV/AIDS, cancer, or who are taking immunosuppressant medications). Accessed on 8/20/15.© 2020 Laboratory Corporation of America® Holdings. However, due to the long incubation period (7-14 days), recent research has focused on using molecular techniques, such as quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR), to provide faster and more accurate results.
The urinary antigen test is highly accurate for L. pneumophila serogroup 1, however other diagnostic tests should also be utilized in conjunction with the urinary antigen as many other Legionella species and serogroups are pathogenic. Testing might be warranted in cases where Legionnaires disease symptoms are associated with travel, hospitalization, a stay in an assisted-living facility, or other risk factors (e.g., smoking, older than age 50, chronic lung disease, etc).The disease and bacteria were named after an incident in which a significant number of people who went to an American Legion convention in Philadelphia in 1976 developed pneumonia. Fields B, et al. %äüöß Sensitivity varies depending on the quality and timing of clinical specimen collection, as well as technical skill of the laboratory worker performing the test. Accessed April 2012.Smeeks, F. (Updated 2011 March 31). Epub 2009 Mar 7.Cristovam E, Almeida D, Caldeira D, Ferreira JJ, Marques T.J Med Microbiol. Legionella (Legionnaires' Disease and Pontiac Fever): Fast Facts. Accessed on 8/22/15.Rathore M, Alvarez A. (2014, November). MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia [On-line information]. It is a self-limited illness that does not benefit from antibiotic treatment. Unable to load your collection due to an error Accuracy of diagnostic tests for Legionnaires' disease: a systematic review. Analysis includes total viable Legionella count and determination as Legionella pneumophila serogroup 1, Legionella pneumophila serogroup 2-14, or Legionella non-pneumophila species.