Role Conflict in 19th Century America," Social Research, 39 (1972), 652-78; C.S. Robertson of Strowan advised his fifteen year old daughter on her marriage in 1755, that ‘if Mr [Oliphant] intrusts you with a secret, let niether father or mother, brother or sister ever hear of it. And ideas about “proper” women took shape around ideas about race. . So you can see why marriage would be forbidden. After “gold” was found with the cash crop tobacco, mass amounts of labor was needed. .

Instead it was more likely to impact the timing of marriage for women (and men) living in urban, industrialized areas  where women were expected to leave the workforce upon entering a marriage (330). It is not a secret that for the centuries woman was considered to be weaker than man both in physical and mental terms. Some of the representations of marriage elicited much controversy within literary circles as well as within political ones. © 2017 The Producers of Dig: A History Podcast Today we’re going to do a quick exploration into the history of marriage in America. Between 1800 and 1900, women generally married for the first time between the ages of 20 and 22.

They generally exerted their influence through the home, a utopian space that nurtured children and sheltered husbands.

The right to get married brought honor and legitimacy to a marriage But the freedom to marry was not automatically extended to formerly enslaved people. There are a variety of reasons why such a trend began and was sustained in America at this time. Husbands were expected to support wives and in exchange wives were expected to give over her property and her labor.

Ideals for marriage at this time gave particular significance to the aforementioned roles of the woman. There were plenty of other models all over the world that served to order society through other marriage and partnering practices such as polygamous and matrilineal modes of marriage and partnering. Elizabeth: Even after states started granting women property rights and later a right to their own wages, courts still ruled conservatively when it came to these ideas. The industrialization of urban communities, the booms and busts influencing rural and urban environments, concepts of appropriate education, and reenvisionings of what ‘good’ marriages consisted of all contributed to changes pertaining to when marriage occurred, who married, and social perceptions of marriage.
He also discusses how “[r]egional differences in single women’s participation rate in the paid labor force and education may also account for regional differences in nuptiality. African, Native American, and European women all worked in tobacco fields during the early colonial period in the Chesapeake and were all viewed as “nasty wenches.” BUT, as more African slaves were brought to the Chesapeake, understandings of race and class began to intersect. Upon marriage, women became the property of their husband. British travel accounts and propaganda pictured North America as an untouched Eden. these “nasty wenches” to do that kind of work.Elizabeth: Right, so guess who ended up doing that work? This particularly affected middle class women because they had no … And even though different states had different rules, the constitutional doctrine of comity mandated that states had to honor another’s laws on marriage. Although the ideology of  ‘domestic womanhood’ was not vastly undergoing a complete reinvention in Nineteenth Century America, the stuctures that determined norms and standards of femininity were. He states “The availability of marriage partners also may explain much of the East/West differential in marriage timing” (313). He does touch on the fact that although women had more economic opportunities presenting alternate forms of independence (as opposed to a husband) than in the past, this was not a significant factor in determining the overall marriage rate. He states:Violated promises and shattered dreams were bad enough, but material    consequences ensued from broken marriage vows as well. Many people who think about the 19th and early 20th centuries mistakenly believe that American men and women were most commonly married in their teens.

Labor force participation and literacy rates of single women were highest in New England, where female nuptiality was lowest” (313).

while not amounting to a legal waiver of the woman’s right to say ‘no,’ does imply a kind of generalized consent that distinguishes some versions of the crime of rape from parallel behavior by a husband.

Although the ideology of  ‘domestic womanhood’ was not vastly undergoing a complete reinvention in Nineteenth Century America, the stuctures that determined norms and standards of femininity were. A legal marriage certificate was more than just a document “legally” securing a marriage. So as African slaves were imported into the British colonies, more white women were able to move inside the home. One section provided for restraints against a violent husband while the divorce was pending (a sort of 19th-century restraining order) and the provision for alimony and child support. This allowed white men to rape African women without repercussion and heightened the need to restrict white women’s sexuality.

Judges continued to interpret wives’ housework, ie labor, as work owned by their husbands.


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